StarkWare (StarkNet - STRK)

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Revision as of 09:00, 23 January 2022 by 5imp5on (talk | contribs) (1 revision imported)

Basics

  • Starkware is implementing zk-STARKs in various blockchains including Ethereum. The advantage of zk-STARKs over zk-SNARKs is that it doesn’t require a trusted setup, although the cryptographic proof sizes become much larger.
  • As the invested Consensys Ventures explained: "Starkware, co-founded by Eli Ben Sasson, a leading professor in cryptography and founding scientist of ZCash, uses their novel zero knowledge cryptography of zk-STARKs to improve scalability and privacy on blockchains. Starkware is well positioned to become a leader in the growing application of zero knowledge proofs within blockchain systems for scalability and privacy, a trend on which we are very bullish."
  • "According (7-1-2020) to StarkWare’s “measurements (not approximations, nor estimates),” Ethereum’s scalability has the potential to improve by 2,000 times over Ethereum Layer-1 after the Istanbul update. StarkWare said it would launch its mainnet “soon,”"

Tech

  • Whitepaper can be found [insert here].
  • Code can be viewed [insert here].
  • Built on: Ethereum

Transaction Details

How it works

Mining

Staking

Liquidity Mining

Scaling

Different Implementations

Interoperability

  • StarkWare’s plans for layer 2 interoperability, aiming at q1 2021:
  1. "StarkEx 2.0 (Nov 2020) will offer L2-L1 interoperability (Fast Withdrawals), using on-chain Conditional Txs.
  2. StarkEx 3.0 (Feb 2021) will offer L2-L2 interoperability across StarkEx systems, using off-chain Conditional Txs."

Other Details

Volition

"Volition is a hybrid on-chain/off-chain data solution that allows users to dynamically pick where they want their data stored. StarkEx will support Volition soon."

Oracle Method

Privacy Method

Compliance

Their Projects

Adamantium Protocol

"Adamantium protocol from StarkWare is a flavor of Validium where a user can keep their own offchain data."

Cairo

"Cairo is the first production-grade platform for generating STARK proofs for general computation. It is Turing Complete, and highly efficient."

dAMM

  • From their blog (29-7-2021):

"We first presented dAMM in March 2021 as Caspian but, due to a trademark issue, Caspian was renamed (long live dAMM). dAMM is an L2 AMM that aggregates liquidity in a single L1 pool and enforces logic with an L1 contract."

"Caspian is a new L2-powered AMM design from StarkWare. This AMM leaves assets on L1, resulting in defragmented liquidity, and better capital efficiency. StarkEx 3.0 (Coming in June 2021) will support Caspian. It will include two new primitives required for implementing Caspian: L1 Limit Orders, and Batch-Long Flash Loans."

DeFi Pooling

DeversiFi DEX

dYdX - StarkEx

"Our engineering teams are collaborating on a Layer 2 scaling solution for Perpetual Contracts, based on StarkWare’s StarkEx scalability engine and dYdX’s Perpetual smart contracts. Our Perpetual Contracts will be powered by StarkEx by the end of this year."

"Through the significant usage StarkEx applications have facilitated, the network has demonstrated a rate of over 9,000 TPS for trades and 18,000 TPS for transfers. With Ethereum’s ~15 TPS for trades, it is a ~600x increase in scalability. On top of that, StarkEx has also reached a peak batch size of 13.5k transactions."

Immutable X

OpenZKP

"OpenZKP is a fully open-source Rust implementation of zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs). OpenZKP includes a partial implementation of the STARKs protocol variant that was pioneered by StarkWare in the StarkDEX testnet demo."

Reddit

"StarkWare Reddit Onboarding Demo

Using StarkEx, the StarkWare team trustlessly onboarded to Ethereum Mainnet 1.3M accounts with initial balances, effectively demonstrating how an entire subreddit the size of r/FortNiteBR (with its Brick tokens) could be brought onto Mainnet. The amortized price per transfer: 600 gas.

The team created no network congestion in the process. They did it over a ~12 hour period while using 2.5% of the network. We paid gas prices that were on average 30% below the average block gas price during this time."

StarkDEX

  • Has designed StarkDEX together with 0x to address DEX scalability with the use of STARK's.
  • StarkEx 3.0 went live. From EthHub (3-8-2021):

"StarkEx 3.0 brings with it 2 new major features - L1 vaults and SHARed Prover (SHARP) enabling DeFi pooling and dAMM."

VeeDo

Governance

DAO

Treasury

Upgrades

"StarkNet is a permissionless decentralized rollup operating as an L2 network over Ethereum. This week, StarkNet hit the Ethereum mainnet in an alpha fashion."

Roadmap

  • Can be found here (26-1-2021):

"We’re building StarkNet in four steps:

  1. Foundations (completed*)
  2. Planets: Single-App Rollups
  3. Constellations: Multi-App Rollups
  4. Universe: A Decentralized Rollup

We expect to have Step I deployed in a few short months, and be well on our way to Steps II & III by the end of 2021."

Audits

Bugs/Hacks

Usage

  • StarkEx has settled over $200 billion worth of trades, facilitating about 50 million transactions (16-11-2021).

Projects that use or built on it 

  • From this tweet (12-10-2020):

"StarkEx will enable ParaSwap to offer inexpensive swaps at scale."

Work with 0x

  • Starkdex — a project between Starkware and 0x — launched a PoC in June 2019. In October, they released OpenZKP, an open source rust implementation of ZKPs. 

“"zero knowledge proofs” or ZKPs for short. A zero knowledge proof allows someone to do a computation on some data and prove that they did this computation correctly, without revealing the data. For example, an account can prove that it summed up all of its expenses correctly without showing what those expenses were.

It is a technology that has been known for about two decades, but as often happens with cryptographic inventions the initial versions where impractically hard to use. In the last couple of years, and thanks to the hard work by Ben-Sasson and many others, ZKP technology has become practical in the form of zkSNARKS. Ben-Sasson and others have developed a new ZKP technology called zkSTARKs. They continue researching and developing this technology as a world-class team called Starkware. Compared to earlier ZKPs, it has better security and it’s easier to produce proofs. It is also refreshingly simple, like great inventions tend to be."

Competition

Coin Distribution

Pros and Cons

Pros

Cons

Team, Funding, Partners

Team

Funding

"Raised $75M led by crypto VC firm Paradigm. Paradigm previously led StarkWare's $30 million fundraise in 2018.. Previous investors, including Sequoia, Founders Fund, and Pantera participated in the round alongside new investors like Three Arrows and Alameda Research."

"The round was led by Sequoia Capital, with participation from existing investors, including Paradigm, Three Arrows Capital, Alameda Research, and Founders Fund. This was an "opportunistic" fundraise, StarkWare co-founder and CEO Uri Kolodny told The Block in an interview, meaning that the company is already profitable but secured new funds to grow its team and ecosystem as fast as possible."

Partners

  • Is a member of the Data Availability Committee of DeversiFi (6-2020).
  • Worked together with Aztec. From their blog (29-1-2021):

"Polaris license under which StarkWare plans to release source code for its STARK prover; Aztec will use the same Polaris license for its PLONK provers (see their post)."

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