Pyth Network (PYTH)

Pyth Network is an oracle that publishes financial market data to multiple blockchains.

Basics

• Based in:
• Started in / Announced on:
• Testnet release: May 2021
• Mainnet release:

History

• Pyth first launched, in time for the spring Solana Hackathon (May 2021) on devnet.

Audits & Exploits

• Bug bounty program can be found here worth $500k USDC (7-3-2023).
• From their docs (2-3-2023):

"The Pyth software has undergone a number of audits from different firms. All of the audit reports are available in the audits github repository."

Governance

• From their docs (12-2022):

"Pythnet is powered by Solana technology: it runs the same validator software, but is a separate network that is specially configured to be a proof-of-authority chain. The network depends on a tightly controlled supply of the chain's native token, called PGAS, which is currently controlled by the Pyth Data Association. Once governance is live, it will take over management of the PGAS token from the Pyth Data Association."

DAO

• From their docs (5-2023):

"Governance will be using a coin-voting system that will help determine high-level parameters. Parameters include what types of tokens may be used for data fees; which products are listed on Pyth; the share of data fees allocated to publishers, delegators, and other uses; the number of PYTH tokens that publishers must stake or enable claims to be filed against a product, and more."

Token

Launch

• From their Telegram (17-1-2023):

"There have been no announcements about fundraising, tokens, or anything of the sort."

Utility

• In the whitepaper docs (5-2022) it mentions PYTH as a governance and staking token. In others (12-2022) it is called PGAS

Technology

• Whitepaper or docs can be found here (4-1-2022).
• Code can be viewed here.
• From their docs (2-3-2023):

"Price feeds are available on multiple blockchains and can also be used in off-chain applications. Pyth offers two sets of price feeds for different applications:

1. Solana Price Feeds are available in mainnet for Solana
2. Pythnet Price Feeds are available in mainnet for most EVM chains, including Ethereum, BNB, Avalanche, and more. These feeds are also available in Aptos mainnet and will be coming soon to Cosmos chains and other ecosystems."

How it works

• From their docs (2-2023):

"The protocol is an interaction between three parties:

1. Publishers submit pricing information to Pyth's oracle program. Pyth has multiple data publishers for every product to improve the accuracy and robustness of the system.
2. Pyth's oracle program combines publishers' data to produce a single aggregate price and confidence interval.
3. Consumers read the price information produced by the oracle program.

Pyth's oracle program runs simultaneously on both Solana mainnet and Pythnet. Each instance of the program is responsible for its own set of price feeds.

The critical component of the system is the oracle program that combines the data from each individual publisher. This program maintains a number of different Solana accounts that list the products on Pyth and their current price data. Publishers publish their price and confidence by interacting with the oracle program on every slot. The program stores this information in its accounts. The first price update in a slot additionally triggers price aggregation, which combines the price data from the previous slot into a single aggregate price and confidence interval. This aggregate price is written to the Solana account where it is readable by other on-chain programs and available for transmission to other blockchains."

Disputes

• From their blog (18-1-2022):

"If the aggregated price is ratified as wrong, the specific at-fault publishers are identified, and their stakes are slashed and paid out to the end-users. Overall, the claims process will determine whether a payout occurs. The purpose of this process is to verify that the aggregate price and confidence interval for a product were incorrect in comparison to some ground-truth off-chain data. The process will use HUMAN protocol — an open-source software package provided by Pyth — to collect the necessary off-chain information from impartial judges and then feed that information into a predetermined algorithm that determines the outcome of the claim. Finally, PYTH token-holders will vote to ratify the output of the algorithm. Anyone will be able to file a claim against the protocol to (possibly) trigger a payout by bonding PYTH tokens. The latter is returned if the claim is ratified by governance; this requirement prevents spam."

Fees

• From their docs (3-2022):

1. "Publishers publish price feeds and earn a share of data fees in exchange. Publishers are typically market participants with access to accurate, timely price information. The protocol rewards publishers in proportion to the quantity of new pricing information that they share.
2. Consumers read price feeds, incorporate data into smart contracts or dApps, and optionally pay data fees. Consumers can either be on-chain protocols or off-chain applications.
3. Delegators stake tokens on a specific product and publisher to earn a share of the data fees in exchange for potentially losing their stake if the oracle is inaccurate."

• From their docs (5-2023):

"Data fees from consumers [get] distributed to delegators (initially set at 80%). The remainder (20%) goes into a reward pool that is distributed among publishers."

Staking

• From their docs (12-2022):

"Pythnet is powered by Solana technology: it runs the same validator software, but is a separate network that is specially configured to be a proof-of-authority chain. The network depends on a tightly controlled supply of the chain's native token, called PGAS, which is currently controlled by the Pyth Data Association. Operating a validator on the network requires a large stake of PGAS tokens. The Pyth Data Association allows each data provider to operate one validator by delegating them the necessary stake. Each data provider is then given a sufficient quantity of PGAS tokens to publish prices to the network. The network is configured such that account creation is very expensive, preventing anyone without a substantial quantity of PGAS from deploying programs to the network. Once governance is live, it will take over management of the PGAS token from the Pyth Data Association. The Pythnet blockchain has built-in redundancy to ensure high availability: it is operational as long as 2/3+ of Pythnet validators are online."

• From their docs (5-2023):

"Data staking allows delegators to stake tokens to earn data fees. The delegators in aggregate also determine the level of influence (stake-weight) that each publisher has on the aggregate price. In addition, this mechanism determines whether delegators’ stakes are slashed. Finally, the mechanism collects data fees from consumers and distributes a share to delegators (initially set at 80%). The remainder (20%) goes into a reward pool that is distributed among publishers."

Interoperability

• From their docs (12-2022):

"Pythnet is an application-specific blockchain operated by Pyth's data providers. This blockchain is a computation substrate to securely combine the data provider's prices into a single aggregate price for each Pyth price feed. Pythnet forms the core of Pyth's off-chain price feeds that serve all blockchains (except Solana mainnet). The Pyth protocol needs to be able to combine these prices to produce a single aggregate price. This computation needs to be performed securely -- prices must be combined correctly -- and reliably -- prices must always be available for applications. Pythnet solves both of these problems. First, anyone can validate that the price computation is done correctly by replaying the network's transaction log. The Wormhole guardians perform this validation when constructing the Pyth price update messages that are delivered to other blockchains. Consequently, as long as 2/3+ of the Wormhole guardians are honest, users of Pyth prices can trust that they were computed accurately."

Oracle Method

• From their docs (2-3-2023):

"Our market data is contributed by over 70 first-party publishers, including some of the biggest exchanges and market making firms in the world. We offer price feeds for a number of different asset classes, including US equities, commodities, and cryptocurrencies."

According to a Dune Dashboard there were 44 of the publishers actually active last week (7-3-2023).

• From their docs (12-2022):

"Pythnet is powered by Solana technology: it runs the same validator software, but is a separate network that is specially configured to be a proof-of-authority chain. The Pyth Data Association allows each data provider to operate one validator by delegating them the necessary stake. Each data provider is then given a sufficient quantity of PGAS tokens to publish prices to the network. Once governance is live, it will take over management of the PGAS token from the Pyth Data Association."

Roadmap

• Can be found [Insert link here].

Revenue

• During the month of February 2023, around 50 SOL per day.

Usage

• "We are the biggest oracle in the Solana ecosystem, where we secure >$2B of value" from their job page (7-3-2022), could be outdated.
• According to a Dune Dashboard there were 82 daily active consumers (1-2023), mainly Solana based project. However, quite some of the providers are only online during office hours.
• It also stated ~3000 daily active users (7-3-2023). "Users are defined as addresses that have signed transactions interacting with programs using Pyth price feeds."

Competition

• Due to its direct API model, it is most closely related to API3 and ICP's built in oracles.
• From Pyth's website (7-3-2022):

"Pyth’s data comes directly from data owners. This includes exchanges and trading firms. The data owners have full rights to the distribution of their price data. Chainlink's data comes from the node operator relaying it. While it is possible to find out where that data originates from by reaching out to the node operators, the operators themselves are rarely data owners.

Pyth does not use price triggers to prevent certain prices from being pushed. Pyth uses Confidence Intervals to ensure continuous price availability. This allows projects to consume Pyth’s price feeds during the most volatile market conditions. Chainlink does use price triggers with an accepted bound established when a feed is created.

On Pythnet, Pyth price feeds continuously update every 300ms. Chainlink is built as a push model oracle whereby applications can only get an updated price when certain conditions are met. For Ethereum, Chainlink updates its prices once an hour or at every 0.5% or 1% price deviation."

Pros and Cons

Cons

• Currently uses PoA (12-2022).

Team, Funding and Partners

Team

• Full team can be found [here].

Funding

• From their Telegram (17-1-2023):

"There have been no announcements about fundraising, tokens, or anything of the sort."

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